This paper examines the liberal society that Popper lauds, that aims to be truly open, AND discusses why another, more communitarian kind of society, particularly societies in AFRICA, may also reflect the quest for intellectual openness that is Popper’s ideal. Moreover, this paper avers reasons why Popper should be comfortable with such a liberal-communitarian mix. The inter-subjectivity in his critical rationalism is a balance of an explicit individualism, AND an implicit social element (Afisi, 2016a). Popper is indeed an author of such a balance. For a society to be truly open requires the careful recognition AND protection of individual freedom. However, the extent to which individuals are free to perform actions that they desire without external constraints, AND the level of their individuality in RELATION to others when performing such actions, remain a contentious issue BETWEEN liberals AND more communitarian thinkers. Popper’s critical rationalism provides the necessary impetus to this contention through his view of freedom that I contend can best be viewed as carefully balanced, a view which combines individuality with a social element that upholds community values necessary for openness of society. With this combination, Popper’s politics of liberalism provides an effective model of how a truly open society can be achieved. The values inherent to Popper’s liberalism including those concerning intellectual openness, individual freedom, mutual respect, measured self-respect, welfarism, humanitarianism, accountability, critical debates AND feedback from the citizens, together concern the conditions for a society to be truly open. There are many competing thoughts as to what openness might be in Popper’s philosophy. The present study of Popper does not presume to address them all. The focus here is specifically on using Popper’s idea of critical rationalism to balance RELATIONs BETWEEN liberal politics of individual rights AND freedom, AND communitarian politics of the common good, as it relates to situations about how socio-economic AND political conditions in AFRICA societies should be structured. While I contend that Popper’s works in political philosophy focused centrally on Western political tradition, AND not about AFRICA in its strict sense, significant lessons can be distilled from Popper that can offer suggestions on social reforms in AFRICA. This paper explores Popper’s project of the open society across the plurality AND differences of societies, so that his liberal ideas of individual freedom are not undermined, AND the progress of the communitarian idea of the common good, that AFRICA societies are built upon, is also well enhanced. Liberal individualism AND community values inherent to communitarianism are both well accommodated within Popper’s critical rationalism.

The aim of the present article is to look for possibility of forming a new multi- visional approach in the regional AND international level in accordance with fundamentals of New Realism AND RELATIONs based on CULTURAL dialogue BETWEEN IRANian AND AFRICAn rich cultures in order to determine the possibilities of each side to make this approach a successful project.Findings of this research are based on descriptive-analytic method relying on objective-historical data AND profiting from libraries AND demonstrate that the most important factors influencing the expansion of this process would be; sharing common historical backgrounds AND CULTURAL values, having common visions AND risks, common religion, AND also IRAN's insistence on importance of AFRICAn role AND status of AFRICAn culture in the process of dialogue BETWEEN cultures. The condition for succeeding in this process would be to create AND expAND an active civil society in these countries AND emphasizing on a deep study on the culture AND civilization of these societies by experts AND knowledgeable people AND offer it at international level.

Introduction: Ethical leadership is leadership focused on appropriate behavior through respect for ethics AND values, as well as the rights AND dignity of others. Ethical leadership can add value to businesses by motivating employees AND fulfilling company values. Therefore, the present research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the RELATIONship BETWEEN ethical leadership AND cooperative social responsibility AND the moral climate of the organization. Material & Methods: The current research is applied in terms of purpose AND descriptive AND corRELATIONal in terms of data collection method. The statistical population of this research included all employees of Management AND Science University (MSU) in Malaysia. Among them, 200 people were selected as the research sample using a simple rANDom sampling method. A stANDard questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was analyzed by structural equation modeling method. Results: The results of statistical analysis showed that ethical leadership has a direct AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility AND ethical climate. Also, moral climate has a direct AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility. At the same time, ethical leadership has an indirect AND positive effect on cooperative social responsibility through the mediation of ethical climate. Conclusion: Ethical leadership can affect their social responsibility by inspiring employees to motivate AND align with the company's values. The results of this research showed that ethical leadership leads to greater employee satisfaction AND collaborative responsibility AND leads to the formation of an ethical atmosphere in the organization

Introduction: In the current research, it has been tried to qualitatively study all kinds of policies AND measures necessary for alignment BETWEEN teacher preparation programs AND democratic social education competencies under the model of teacher education curricula, which include: direct (official) curriculum, Indirect curriculum, informal curriculum (implicit) AND unstructured curriculum (hidden) should be identified in the educational system. Method: Qualitative approach AND phenomenological method were used in this research. The field of research is Farhangian University of Hormozgan AND the participants are  13  lecturers of this university. The sampling method is a combination of convenience AND snowball sampling. The research tool was a semi-structured interview. The information was analyzed using thematic analysis method AND then using MAXQDA software... Result: The information was analyzed using the theme analysis method AND then using MAXQDA software in the form of 2  overarching themes, 8 organizing themes AND 25  basic themes. The results of this research showed the basic policies AND measures for teacher preparation programs, in the form of two components, strategies AND solutions of teacher training curricula, separated by curricula (formal, informal, informal, unstructured curriculum) AND with the goal of preparing The formation of teachers has been identified in the educational system to realize the competencies of democratic social education. Conclusion: Therefore, examining the opportunities, facilities, AND resources available to achieve these actions should be on the agenda of decision makers AND educational planners. It is necessary to pay special attention to the strategies AND solutions of teacher training curricula.

Lactation length is different in individual cows, which is generally converted to a 305-day stANDard using curve fitting models for genetic AND management practices. Individual curves do not have a stANDard shape in all cases, AND can deviate from the stANDard pattern according to factors such as individual differences, AND type of fitted models. These non-stANDard curves, called atypical, resulted from incorrect estimated parameters of the curves; which consist of: continuously increasing or decreasing AND reversed stANDards. This study was conducted to investigate the importance of atypical curves in estimation of 305-day milk production, by fitting two nonlinear models? Wood (empirical) AND Pollott (biological), on 7659 AND 6692 test-day milk yield of 977 AND 776 first calving IRANian Simmental AND Jersey cows, during 2007-2020, using R software. Different patterns obtained based on the combination of increasing (b) AND decreasing (c) phase parameters of curves. The number of stANDard curves from the Pollott AND Wood models were 85.5% AND 62.2% for Simmental, AND 83.1% AND 70.6% for Jersey cows, respectively. Only continuously increasing curves were observed in both breeds in Pollott model (14.8% AND 16.9%, Simmental AND Jersey cows, respectively); Whereas in Wood model, all 3 groups of atypical curves were observed, which the reversed stANDard was the most (22.3% AND 16.5%, Simmental AND Jersey cows, respectively). Based on the findings, at the time of stANDardizing the production of dairy cows (national evaluations), not only differences BETWEEN breeds, but also special attention to the production of atypical curves, should be paid (to correct or discard them).

Excavations in Tepe Barveh were conducted with the aim to shed further light on the period of painted Bronze Age wares AND to refine the existing chronology for the Lesser Zab Basin in the first half of the 3rd millennium BC. Thanks to its location in the upper valley of the Lesser Zab, the Barveh region served as a natural pathway for interaction BETWEEN the Zagros foothills zones with the Rania AND Peshdar Plain in Sulaimaniyah province in Iraqi Kurdistan, AND the southern basin of Lake Urmia. By its overlapping Bronze Age sequence, the site offers a strong potential to fill the existing gap of information for the Early Bronze Age occupation in northwestern IRAN. A foremost purpose of this paper is to situate Barveh within northwestern IRAN, AND to explore intra- AND inter-regional interactions. The stratified occurrence of Painted Orange Ware (POW) is helpful to establish a sequence for the region AND to fill the existing lacuna. EBA sites in northwestern IRAN beyond the Kura Araxes zone remain understudied, AND few sites offer deposits of considerable depth. The Early Bronze Age is generally associated with the burnished black pottery, while the orange pottery, a coeval AND equally important CULTURAL hallmark, has attracted less attention AND remains a little known tradition. Hence, in light of the material culture excavated at Barveh, this paper seeks to gain an insight into the ways in which Tepe Barveh interacted with other regions dominated by the orange pottery culture. The ca. 8-meter deep EBA deposit at Barveh built up over c. 300 years AND represents this period of POW in an uninterrupted sequence, attesting to CULTURAL continuity over an extended period of time. The culture shows parallels with EBA sites in the southern Urmia Lake Basin AND in the Rania AND Peshdar plains in Iraqi Kurdistan

Purpose: Managers are one of the important elements of an organization, for this reason, in order to draw the future of the organization, it is necessary for the planners to specify the conditions of their selection AND appointment. Therefore, the current research has been done with the aim of identifying AND analyzing the components of selecting future principals.Method: In this research, comparative AND benchmarking method is used as a prospective approach. This approach is based on the belief that today's advanced organizations/countries can be considered as a model for the future of another organization/countries in their respective subjects. For this, first, the fields of comparison AND benchmarking were determined using Brody's four-step comparison method; then the countries of Canada, FinlAND, Australia, South AFRICA, AND Japan were selected according to the qualitative balance value in the international advanced TEAMS test, human development index, life quality index(health, instruction, AND welfare), education quality index, AND other scientific-scholarly indexes; finally, by extracting the criteria for the selection AND appointment of principals through content analysis AND comparison with IRAN, the proposed framework for IRAN has been presented.Findings: A total of 61 components for the selection of secondary school principals were identified from among the studies conducted in the selected countries in this article. By extracting the commonalities AND differences of each of the components among the countries, it was found that the highest index of manager selection AND appointment belongs to Japan AND the lowest one is related to FinlAND.Conclusion: There are similarities BETWEEN the components of selection of principals of secondary schools in IRAN AND selected countries. In IRAN, special attention should be paid to important components such as adherence to religious principles, appropriate personality traits, creativity AND innovation, motivation to develop capabilities, professional growth, power of supervision AND accountability, social image, leader skills, AND purposefulness AND foresight.

There is no doubt that with the normalization of RELATIONs BETWEEN IRAN AND Saudi Arabia after a long period of tension, one of the most key results of this agreement, that is, its impact on the security RELATIONs BETWEEN IRAN AND the Arab world, AND at the center of it, IRAN AND the Persian Gulf, is of particular importance. will be. Yemen, Lebanon, Syria AND Iraq, during the past years, have always been the scene of indirect confrontation BETWEEN these two regional powers. But the question is, what is the reason for these tensions? What effect has the agreement BETWEEN IRAN AND Saudi Arabia had on the continuation of this cold war, AND more importantly, what effect will this informal understANDing have on the economic, political AND security-military dimensions of IRAN AND other Persian Gulf countries? Some believe that the tensions BETWEEN the two countries are caused by the endangerment of the oil-economic interests of these countries, some believe that this fear is caused by the possible increase of IRAN's influence in the region, AND in the opinion of others, the Arabs are worried about America's tendency towards IRAN AND perhaps attention less the United States to them. But perhaps these reactions can be explained in the form of defensive realism AND according to "Taliaferro" one of its four main assumptions, i.e., the "security enigma", by means of which, every action of a government to increase its security, on the part of governments The competitor is considered as a hostile action. The following article tries to answer this question by assuming that the agreement BETWEEN IRAN AND Saudi Arabia, as a factor that caused the security puzzle in the RELATIONs BETWEEN the Arab world AND IRAN, both before AND after it was achieved.

This research article examines legal discrimination against children born out of wedlock in IRAN. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with legal frameworks AND the changes made to the IRANian legal system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of IRANian children with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources AND descriptive AND historical research methods to examine the legal status of children born outside of marriage, both nationally AND internationally, AND the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the IRANian legal system, an assessment of IRAN's compliance with international conventions, AND a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness AND the advancement of inclusivity for all children, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by children born outside of marriage in IRAN, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.